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Key Takeaways

• With the Federal Reserve cautiously navigating rate cuts and inflation remaining sticky, the macro environment suggests limited upside for long duration fixed income strategies.
• Treasury yields have moved within a volatile range over the last two years, and recent levels near 4% imply that long duration positions would require a recession-level drop to be profitable.
• Historical yield curve dynamics point to a potential rise in the 10-year Treasury yield, an unfriendly investment backdrop for re-allocating to long duration.

The age-old question in fixed income is when should I go long duration? Over the last two years, this has been an ongoing query for investors. More recently, with the Federal Reserve resuming rate cuts, it has come back on the front burner for sure.

In my opinion, when trying to determine where yields may be going, one should start at the cornerstone for rates, which is the macroeconomic and Fed landscape. Our baseline case is for the U.S. economy to continue on a modest/moderate growth path, with inflation proving to be sticky but not yet impacted in a meaningful way by tariffs.

The Fed is still highlighting the potential employment risks of their dual mandate, but some voting members appear to be throwing some caution for another rate cut this year. Then, post-shutdown, we'll see how the jobs data looks for 2026 monetary policy decision making.

U.S. Treasury 10-Year Yield Chart
 

Source: Bloomberg, as of 10/31/25.

The Fair-Trading Range... Without a Recession

• Trading activity has been rather volatile over the last two years, with large movements in absolute yield (roughly 100-basis point swings from highs to lows) against the backdrop of a broader saw-tooth pattern.
• Going long duration inherently means you believe the economy is headed toward a recession with no inflationary pressures and that the UST 10-year yield is going to decline to the 2024 low of 3.6%, at a minimum.
• An economic backdrop of moderate growth and no meaningful upward price pressures puts the UST 10-year yield in a fair-trading range of 4%-4.5%.
• As of this writing, the UST 10-year yield has barely reached above the lower 4% boundary and was recently trading as low as 3.93%.

Fed Funds vs. UST 10-Year Yield
 

Source: Bloomberg, as of 10/31/25.

What Does History Tell Us

• Although the Treasury yield curve has un-inverted, it remains historically flat.
• Following the Fed's most recent 25-bp rate cut, the spread between the new Fed Funds mid-point and the UST 10-year yield is around +20 bps.
• The long run average for the Fed Funds/UST 10-year spread is +129 bps, or more than 100 bps above its recent level.
• A widening in the Fed Funds/UST 10-year spread to less than half, or roughly half, of its long-term average could place the 10-year yield in the 4.5%-4.75% range.

Conclusion

Given the track record for long duration over the last two-year period, as well as our macroeconomic outlook and relative value analysis, we would recommend holding off on the going-long duration trade.

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