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Blockchain technology is considered to be one of the most important innovations in the world. It is often compared with the introduction of the internet. Many experts believe that blockchains have the potential to revolutionize finance, economy, and commerce forever. This article is going to discuss the foundational components of a blockchain in detail. 

What is Blockchain Technology?

Most cryptocurrency investors have heard about tokens, coins, stablecoins, etc. However, it is impossible to not read about blockchain as the host network that issues, records and manages these cryptocurrencies. 

Blockchain technology can be understood as a digitized form of an accounting ledger. It keeps records of all the transactions that take place on it.

At the same time, blockchain ensures that all the transaction records present on it are authentic and verified. Blockchains are unique because they are decentralized and do not require any centralized authority such as banks to assure the legitimacy of transactions. 

At the same time, blockchain performs various other functions such as issuing cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, hosting decentralized applications, and other important functions. 

Basic Components of Blockchain

Here are some of the most basic and important components of a blockchain:

1. Smart contracts
2. Nodes 
3. Validators
4. Hardware 
5. Consensus Models
6. Distributed Ledger

1. Smart contracts:

Smart contracts were invested in by Nick Szabo in 1994. Szabo also created the first digital currency called Bit Gold in 1998 but it was not decentralized. Smart contracts were first incorporated into blockchain networks by Ethereum. 

Smart contracts are programs that can carry out functions when certain conditions are completed. Smart contracts bring automation to the blockchain and increase their decentralization. 

2. Nodes:

Blockchains are decentralized entities which mean that they are not under the control of the centralized authority. This becomes possible by distributing the blockchain data to various computers or nodes across the globe. 

Traditional software or website is hosted on a single or group of servers controlled by a centralized authority. Nodes are independent computing units that carry copies of blockchain records in synchronized and execute new transactions. 

3. Validators:

Anyone can become a node on a blockchain by acting as an independent server and carrying the blockchain copy. However, some nodes have the authorization and resources to verify transactions on a blockchain. 

These nodes are known as validators. Depending on the governance protocols of a blockchain, eligibility criteria for becoming a blockchain validator may vary.

4. Hardware:

Blockchains also depend on a certain amount of hardware to ensure that they are remaining operational. Nodes are validators of a blockchain that exist in the form of computing and storage units that are dispersed and interoperable. Some blockchains require mining that needs a mining farm setup. 

These mining farms contain computing units with specialized hardware requirements such as ASIC chips and other mining equipment to solve the cryptographic puzzle and verify blocks.

5. Consensus Models:

PoW is a type of consensus mechanism on the blockchain that ascertains the method of transaction authentication. PoW blockchains render the services of miners that use computing power to solve the cryptographic puzzle and verify the transaction. 

These miners compete against each other to find the encryption key first. The first miner to find the key solves the block and earns the reward by sharing their proof of work. Other blockchains incorporate different types of consensus mechanisms such as Proof-of-Stake, Proof-of-History, Proof-of-Authority, etc. 

Conclusion

Blockchain technology is still developing and innovations are added to the sector every day. Therefore, blockchain and crypto enthusiasts keep an eye out for all the latest projects and read about the blockchain mechanism published by core developers in the form of a White paper. 

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