The first Fed day of the year has arrived. While there's widespread agreement that rates will be held steady today, according to the CME's FedWatch tool, markets are pricing higher probabilities of cuts at other meetings this year. Looking six months out shows the market is giving a greater than 50% chance of rates being cut by at least a full percentage point from the current range of 5.25-5.50%. While time will tell what Powell and company decide, we would note that price action of the S&P 500 intraday on all Fed days since 1994 (when the FOMC first began announcing its decision on the same days as the meeting) when the FOMC holds rates steady has historically been less volatile, particularly post-decision, than when rates are cut or raised.

We would also note that the S&P 500 is currently trading lower by 0.86% as of this writing today in the wake of poorly received mega-cap earnings of Alphabet (GOOGL) and Microsoft (MSFT). While those drags on the market are independent of the Fed, that negative tone could lead to the first decline on a Fed day since the September meeting. As shown below, the meetings of the past couple of months have offered a positive change in tone after the S&P 500 largely fell on Fed days throughout late 2022 and 2023.

Not only have the past couple of meetings seen a more positive response from the S&P 500 but the moves have been particularly pronounced in afternoon trading. Below we show the intraday path of the S&P 500 on recent Fed days. The past two meetings (November and December) have resulted in gains of over 1% by the end of the day. However, in a stark difference to other recent meetings, the bulk of those gains have come from strong afternoon rallies in the wake of the decision. As shown by the red line below, the average if the prior ten meetings (those occurring from July 2022 through this past September) saw the S&P 500 trade higher throughout the session up until the final hour of trading when it gave up the ghost and closed at the lows of the day.

Looking back through all Fed days since 1994 when the FOMC began to announce its decisions on the same day of the meeting, there have been 14 times in which the S&P 500 was down by 0.5% or more by noon. Below we have constructed an intraday composite of those days.While the S&P has tended towards weakness throughout most of the session, it has experienced a rally, eating into those losses post-decision. That being said, the gains were not enough to erase all of the pre-announcement declines and the rally tended to be short-lived. Of those 14 days when the S&P 500 was down 0.5% or more by noon, it only closed higher on the day five times.

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