Let’s be clear: logic and reason are never flawed.

Researchers in Madrid have recently discovered a mathematical problem that cannot be solved — at the quantum level (of course). Could the “Spectral Gap Problem” lead to unbreakable encryption?

Imagine a universe in which there are no sentient, conscious beings. How valuable would gold be? How long would a meter be? What would be the meaning of good or evil or beautiful or ugly? With no one available to ascribe those values, what value would any of these concepts hold?

Albert Einstein said insanity "is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.” This Einstein platitude is so overused that I’m somewhat embarrassed to be planting it at the beginning of this article. Yet it fits.