How much of your portfolio is allocated to private markets? How big is the total opportunity set? Here are a couple of stats to get your attention:

• As of Q4 2018, there were nearly 200,000 middle-market companies just in the U.S., with $10 million to $1 billion in annual revenue¹, yet there were less than 3,600 publicly traded companies in the U.S. at the end of last year.²
• Considered alone, these privately held middle-market companies would represent the third largest economy globally, trumping the economies of Japan and Germany.

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Source: Russell Investments, National Center for the Middle Market, 3Q 2017, Dun and Bradstreet Middle Market Index.

Private markets don’t just represent an economic force. They represent an equally potentially significant investment opportunity, with all the potential risks and upsides that come with such scale. When it comes to upside potential, we believe the return and volatility profiles from this sector are increasingly attractive, particularly in the current environment. We’re not alone. That potential has attracted a significant amount of capital to the space, with good reason.

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VC: Venture Capital. RE: Real Estate. BAML US HY TR: BAML U.S. High Yield Total Return Index. FoF & Secondary: FOF (Venture and Private Equity) and Secondary Funds.

And when it comes to risk, it’s clear that navigating this space is no simple task. Take private capital as an example: The dispersion of returns—from top to bottom quartile—continues to be wide. For example, in 2015, the top quartile of private capital outperformed the bottom by nearly three times.³ We believe this dispersion underlines the importance of working with skilled managers who can navigate the risk landscape.

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Despite the navigational challenges, growth in this sector continues. In the last few years, we’ve seen some of the highest commitments to private markets ever, with over $4.2 trillion raised across private markets from 2014 through the end of 2018.⁴ At the same time, private-markets dry powder numbers (capital committed to funds that has yet to be deployed in opportunities) have more than doubled, from $1.0 trillion in 2010 to $2.2 trillion in 2018.⁵ Total private markets AUM—the combination of unrealized values AND dry powder—totaled some $5.8 trillion, as of June 2018.⁶

The illiquidity premium

So where might investors potentially look for returns in 2019? At Russell Investments, we firmly believe that private markets may represent a salve to the low-return environment of public markets. Despite increases in capital flows to the space, a variety of opportunities persist, given the structural advantages that closed-end, long-term, illiquid structures allow skilled investment managers to pursue. Possibilities remain in all sub-asset classes, including:

• Buyouts
• Venture
• Growth-equity
• Impact
• Real estate
• Infrastructure
• Natural resources
• Private debt/credit
• Distressed and Special Situations
• Other opportunistic strategies

Private markets obviously come with liquidity limitations, but by embracing the long-term aspects of these illiquid assets, we believe long-term investors can find significant advantages. Access to private companies, assets and related strategies are most commonly delivered through fund structures of 10 +/- years. Critics may lament this inherent illiquidity, but this feature has served as a strength, as longer-term investments have historically outperformed broader public markets. The illiquidity premium which investors rightfully expect varies by asset class. Private equity, for example, has historically delivered returns of 400-600 basis points over public equity markets.⁷

It may not just be the returns that are larger. The overall prospects appear to be growing as well, with the broad opportunity set within private markets growing relative to the number of public companies. According to Dow Jones VentureSource as of Q4 2018, in the U.S., since 1992, there has been an upward trend in venture-capital-backed company formations, set against a downward trend in the number of domestic listed companies.

A global view on private markets

The complexities of private-markets investing are unavoidable. And they become more apparent when the segment is viewed globally. From our own institutional-investor clients, we’ve seen interest levels remain strong in middle-market buyouts in North America and Europe, in industry-specific strategies and in venture capital (mainly in the U.S., with increasing interest in Asia increasing and a renewed interest in Europe). On the other hand, we’ve seen interest waning for private market opportunities in emerging markets, and increased caution toward the UK and the eurozone given the uncertainty surrounding the impact of Brexit.

This global inconsistency shows that watchpoints remain. Private-market investing continues to demand expertise, increased awareness, scrutiny, underwriting and access to opportunities. We’re seeing increased complexities in capital structures, industry sensitivities, regulatory changes and geopolitical events. We’re also paying special attention to pricing levels, as purchase-price multiples have exceeded pre-global-financial-crisis levels. Have private markets reached another peak of a market cycle? With such a nuanced global market, the answer is more complex than a simple yes or no, so we continue to invest significant research and due diligence into such issues, segment by segment, region by region, strategy by strategy, and of course, manager by manager.

The growth of private credit

One specific area of growth is private credit. Consider this trend: In 1994, foreign and domestic banks’ share of the leveraged loan market was 71%. By 2017, that number had dropped to only 9%, with the other 91% covered by non-bank companies and funds.⁸In other words, in the last 24 years, private credit grew from 29% to 91% of the leveraged loan market. We believe this may represent a significant investment opportunity that may help investors close the gap in their long-term investment goals.

Yield-oriented investments

For institutional clients looking for yield-oriented investments, we’ve seen greater interest in private markets, particularly in private debt and related opportunities, both on the corporate as well as the asset-backed side. We believe the U.S. remains the deepest market for private debt, followed by Europe, and the number of institutional-quality private-debt managers in Asia continues to increase. On the asset-backed side, we believe real estate offers the deepest potential opportunity set, with a number of open-ended vehicles available to investors, unlike most other areas of private markets.

An increase in market maturity

In some ways, private markets are actually getting easier to invest in. Enough efficiency is coming to private markets that secondary funds and acquisitions may help investors accelerate their exposure, reduce their fees and increase liquidity. We see private equity as the most mature segment of private markets, with real assets strategies—mainly real estate, infrastructure and energy—becoming increasingly efficient as well. The use of leverage at both the fund level and transaction level has increased, so it's important for investors to understand the drivers and risks of expected returns as they evaluate these opportunities.

A best-practice approach to private-markets investing

Despite that growing efficiency and maturity, investing in private markets is unavoidably complex, so it’s good news that a multi-manager approach to private markets—ours included—continues to specialize and mature as well. We believe the best-suited firms will provide their investor clients with the following capabilities:

• An open architecture approach to finding the best net returns, on a risk-adjusted basis. This approach should cast a wide enough net to include multi-managers, secondary funds, and primary funds, as well as transactional investments such as secondary acquisitions and co-investments.
• Relative value assessments in an effort to target the best-positioned opportunities—not in theory, but within the specifics of the current real-world market environment.
• The ability to identify the best available managers and funds. Clearly not every private market opportunity is worth the risk. A firm should have the research depth and discipline to find the best opportunities while refraining from consummating new commitments if they don't believe the opportunity set justifies the activity.
• Appropriate underwriting. Attractive opportunities remain in all segments. But with so much competition for deals, low-interest rates and thousands of funds seeking to raise capital, it's more important than ever to appropriately underwrite the manager, strategy, and market in an effort to maintain outsized returns.

The bottom line

When it comes to private markets, we believe the opportunity is substantial. We believe the pace of growth in private markets will unavoidably impact the way investors build their portfolios in the coming years. And we believe long-term investors will carefully choose the firms they work within this area, to help ensure they find the best opportunities while navigating the risks of this complex, global, ever-changing sector.

¹ National Center for the Middle Market, 4Q 2018 Middle Market Indicator
² Wilshire, Wilshire 5000 Total market Index Fact Sheet, December 31, 2018.
³ Cambridge Associates/Thomson Reuters and FRED, Based on a growth of $100 calculation re-based at Q1 1996, using quarterly returns from Thomson Reuters for Private Equity, Venture Capital, Natural Resources, FoF’s and Secondaries, Subordinated and Distressed, and Real Estate, and the following indexes accessed through FRED to represent each asset class: Russell 3000® Total Market Index and Bank of America Merrill Lynch US High Yield Total Return Index. Index returns represent past performance, are not a guarantee of future performance, and are not indicative of any specific investment. Indexes are unmanaged and cannot be invested in directly. 
⁴ Cambridge Associates/Thomson Reuters, Buyout & Growth Equity Benchmark – Q3 2018.
⁵ Preqin, Private Capital Fundraising Report, Q4 2018. 
⁶ Preqin, Private Capital FundraisingReport, Q4 2018. 
⁷ Preqin, PreqinPro Online Database – accessed Feb. 2019.
⁸Pitchbook, PB Benchmarks: 1Q 2018.
⁹ Ares Direct Lending white paper / S&P LCD, “S&P Leveraged Lending Review” – Q4 2017